Dog Bite Liability Insurance: A Guide for Dog Owners

Dogs are family, but even friendly dogs can bite when scared, hurt or protecting their space. Dog bites and dog-related injuries, such as a dog knocking someone down, are a common source of homeowners liability claims. In California, dog owners face strict liability for bites in many situations. Here's how insurance works for dog owners, and how to make sure you're covered.

California's dog bite law

Under California Civil Code §3342, a dog owner is generally liable for damages suffered by a person bitten while in a public place or lawfully in a private place, including the owner's property, regardless of the dog's prior behavior or the owner's knowledge of viciousness. This is called strict liability. There are exceptions, for example for certain police and military dogs in some situations. Injuries that aren't bites, such as being knocked over, may be handled under general negligence rules.

Other states use different rules: some follow strict liability, while others use a "one-bite" rule based on whether the owner knew of the dog's dangerous tendencies. Ask an attorney about your state's law.

How homeowners and renters insurance cover dog bites

The personal liability coverage in homeowners, renters and condo policies typically covers injuries your dog causes to others, both at home and away from home, subject to policy terms. It can pay:

• The injured person's medical bills and other damages you're legally responsible for
• Legal defense costs if you're sued
• Medical payments to others, a smaller no-fault coverage for minor injuries to guests

Liability coverage generally doesn't cover injuries to you or members of your household.

Exclusions and restrictions to watch for

• Breed restrictions: some insurers decline to cover certain breeds or exclude them from liability coverage. Practices vary by insurer.
• Bite history: dogs with a prior bite, or that have been declared potentially dangerous or vicious by local authorities, may be excluded or make the home harder to insure.
• Animal liability exclusions or sub-limits: some policies exclude all animal liability or cap it at a lower amount.
• Business use: dog breeding, boarding, training or grooming businesses usually need commercial coverage.

Always tell your insurer about your dogs when you apply. Not disclosing a dog can create problems with a claim.

If your policy excludes your dog

• Shop other insurers. Underwriting rules vary; an independent broker can compare options.
• Canine liability insurance: stand-alone animal liability policies are available from some specialty insurers.
• Endorsements: some insurers can add back animal liability for an added premium.
• Training and certification: some insurers consider completed obedience training, such as a Canine Good Citizen certificate, when evaluating a dog.

Umbrella coverage

Serious dog bite injuries can lead to significant claims, especially when children are hurt or plastic surgery is needed. A personal umbrella policy adds liability coverage above your homeowners or renters limits. Some umbrella policies also exclude certain breeds or animals, so check the terms.

Renters and landlords

• Renters: many landlords require tenants with dogs to carry renters insurance with liability coverage, and may require the landlord to be listed as an interested party or additional insured. See our renters insurance page.
• Landlords: in some situations, a landlord who knows of a dangerous dog and could have removed it may face liability. Landlords should require tenant liability coverage and check their own policies. See our landlord tenant screening and liability guide.
• HOAs and condos: check association rules and the master policy. See our HOA master policy gaps guide.

Dog walkers, sitters and boarding

If someone else cares for your dog, such as a dog walker, sitter or boarding facility, ask whether they carry business liability insurance. If you care for others' dogs for money, a homeowners policy likely won't cover that business activity. See our home-based business insurance guide.

Pet insurance is different

Pet insurance covers your dog's veterinary bills; it doesn't cover your liability for injuries your dog causes to others. See our pet insurance guide.

Reduce the risk of bites

• Socialize and train your dog from an early age.
• Supervise dogs with children, and teach kids how to approach dogs safely.
• Secure your yard with sturdy fences and self-closing gates.
• Use a leash in public, and follow local leash laws.
• Post signs if your dog is protective, but remember signs don't eliminate liability.
• Keep vaccinations current, including rabies, as required by law.
• Recognize warning signs of stress or fear and give your dog space.

If your dog bites someone

1. Separate the dog and make sure the injured person gets medical care.
2. Exchange contact information, and share proof of rabies vaccination.
3. Follow local reporting and quarantine requirements. Local animal control may require reporting.
4. Notify your insurer promptly.
5. Don't admit fault or make promises about payment. Let your insurer handle the claim.
6. Document what happened, including photos and witness names.

Dog owner insurance checklist

• ☐ Tell your insurer about every dog in your household
• ☐ Check for breed exclusions or animal liability limits
• ☐ Review your liability limits and consider an umbrella
• ☐ Renters: carry liability coverage and meet your lease requirements
• ☐ Ask dog walkers and sitters about their insurance
• ☐ Train, supervise and secure your dog

Contact Alishahi Insurance or call (877) 711-4545 to make sure your dog is covered.

Frequently asked questions

Alishahi Insurance · 439 N Canon Dr, Penthouse, Beverly Hills, CA 90210 · (877) 711-4545 · CA License #4348151. General information only. This isn't legal, tax or financial advice or a coverage determination. Coverage depends on policy language and underwriting, and rules vary by state.