Short answer: Every state in this table uses a graduated (provisional) license for drivers under 18. Teens first hold a permit for a set time, then get a license that limits late-night driving and young passengers for the first 6 to 12 months. These are traffic laws, not insurance rules, but tickets for breaking them land on the driving record your insurer sees. The table links each rule to its statute.
The table
| State | Before the license | Restrictions after the license | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona | Hold permit at least 6 months; driver ed, or 30 hours supervised practice (10 at night) certified by a parent | First 6 months: no driving 12 a.m.–5 a.m. and no more than one passenger under 18 (siblings excepted), unless a licensed parent or guardian sits beside you; school, work, religious and emergency exceptions apply to the night rule | A.R.S. §28-3174 |
| California | Hold permit at least 6 months; driver education and training; 50 hours supervised practice (10 at night) | First 12 months: no driving 11 p.m.–5 a.m. and no passengers under 20, unless supervised by a parent or guardian, a licensed driver 25 or older, or an instructor; limited exceptions (medical, school, work, family) | Cal. Veh. Code §12814.6 |
| Colorado | See C.R.S. §42-2-108 for permit and practice rules | First 6 months: no passengers under 21 who aren't immediate family; months 6–12: no more than one such passenger. First year: no driving 12 a.m.–5 a.m. Exceptions include a parent, guardian or qualifying adult in the car | C.R.S. §42-4-116 |
| Florida | See Fla. Stat. ch. 322 for permit and practice rules | Under 17: no driving 11 p.m.–6 a.m.; age 17: no driving 1 a.m.–5 a.m., unless with a licensed driver 21 or older or driving directly to or from work | Fla. Stat. §322.16 |
| Idaho | Supervised permit at least 6 months with 50 hours of supervised driving (10 at night), with a licensed driver 21 or older beside you | Under 17, first 6 months: no more than one passenger under 17 unless related to you by blood, adoption or marriage | Idaho Code §49-307 |
| Minnesota | See Minn. Stat. §171.05 and §171.055 for permit and practice rules | First 6 months: no more than one passenger under 20 who isn't immediate family; months 6–12: no more than three, unless a parent or guardian is with you. First 6 months: no driving midnight–5 a.m. except home–work, school events and similar listed exceptions | Minn. Stat. §171.055 |
| Oregon | See ORS chapter 807 for permit and practice rules | First 6 months: no passengers under 20 who aren't immediate family; second 6 months: no more than three. First year: no driving midnight–5 a.m. except home–work, school events with no other transport, work, or with a licensed driver 25 or older | ORS 807.122 |
| Texas | See Tex. Transp. Code ch. 521 for learner license rules | Under 18: no driving midnight–5 a.m. unless for work, a school-related activity or a medical emergency; no more than one passenger under 21 who isn't family; no wireless device use except in an emergency. The night and passenger limits don't apply when accompanied as a learner would be | Tex. Transp. Code §545.424 |
| Washington | Hold permit at least 6 months; driver education; 50 hours supervised practice (10 at night) certified by a parent, guardian, employer or responsible adult | First 6 months (or until 18): no passengers under 20 who aren't immediate family; after that, no more than three. No driving 1 a.m.–5 a.m. unless with a licensed driver 25 or older, or for school, religious or work activities. No phone use while driving | RCW 46.20.075 |
| Wisconsin | Under 18: hold an instruction permit at least 6 months with no moving-violation conviction in the prior 6 months | First 9 months: no passengers beyond immediate family, a qualified supervising adult and one other person; no driving midnight–5 a.m. unless a parent, guardian or qualified adult sits beside you or you're traveling between home, school and work | Wis. Stat. §343.085 |
We list only states where we read the statute in October 2026. Your state's DMV handbook has the full rules and exceptions.
What parents should do about insurance
- Call your insurer when your teen gets a permit, and again when they get a license. Ask whether they must be listed and when.
- Ask which car they'll be rated on. Some insurers let you assign the teen to a specific vehicle.
- Ask about discounts for good grades or driver training. Not every insurer offers them.
- Review liability limits. A new driver in the household is a good time to check them, and to consider an umbrella policy.
More in our teen driver car insurance guide and the state insurance rules hub.
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Frequently asked questions
Do I have to add my teen to my car insurance?
Check with your insurer. Many policies require you to list every licensed driver in the household, and some also ask about permit holders. Not listing a driver can cause problems at claim time.
Does a learner's permit need its own insurance?
Usually the permit holder is covered under the policy on the car they practice in, but rules vary by insurer and state. Ask your insurer before the first lesson.
Do provisional license restrictions affect insurance?
The restrictions are traffic laws, not insurance rules. But a ticket for breaking them goes on the teen's record, and violations can affect what you pay at renewal.
How can families keep teen insurance manageable?
Common options include good-student and driver-training discounts where offered, assigning the teen to a lower-value car, and higher deductibles. Availability depends on the insurer.
Alishahi Insurance · 439 N Canon Dr, Penthouse, Beverly Hills, CA 90210 · (877) 711-4545 · CA License #4348151. General information only. Not legal, tax or financial advice, and not a coverage determination. Coverage depends on policy language and underwriting, and rules vary by state.