When private insurers won't cover a home, for example because of wildfire, coastal wind or the condition of the property, many states have a last-resort program. These include FAIR Plans, coastal wind pools and insurers the state created. This table lists the programs we confirmed, with links to each one's official site. Click a column header to sort, or download the CSV.
How we compiled this: we confirmed each program and its official site in October 2026 using the program's own website and state insurance department pages. Eligibility, coverage and limits vary and change often. Confirm details with the program or your state insurance department. A state that isn't listed may have no program, or one we couldn't confirm. This page is general information, not legal advice.
| State | Program | Type | What it generally offers | Official source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association (AIUA) | Coastal wind pool | Wind and hail coverage for eligible property in Baldwin and Mobile counties. | Official site |
| California | California FAIR Plan | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic fire coverage, often paired with a separate difference-in-conditions policy for theft, water damage and liability. | Official site |
| Colorado | Colorado FAIR Plan | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Created by state law; began accepting residential applications in April 2025. | Official site |
| Connecticut | Connecticut FAIR Plan | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Delaware | Insurance Placement Facility of Delaware (Delaware FAIR Plan) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| District of Columbia | District of Columbia Property Insurance Facility (DCPIF) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Florida | Citizens Property Insurance Corporation | State-created insurer of last resort | Not-for-profit insurer created by the state that offers residential and commercial policies. | Official site |
| Georgia | Georgia Underwriting Association (GUA) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Hawaii | Hawaii Property Insurance Association (HPIA) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Residual property coverage, including in high-risk lava zones. | Official site |
| Illinois | Illinois FAIR Plan Association | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Indiana | Indiana FAIR Plan | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Iowa | Iowa FAIR Plan Association | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Kansas | Kansas FAIR Plan (Kansas All-Industry Placement Facility) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Kentucky | Kentucky FAIR Plan (Kentucky Insurance Plans) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Louisiana | Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corporation | State-created insurer of last resort | Insurer of last resort that the state created for residential and commercial property. | Official site |
| Maryland | Maryland Joint Insurance Association (MJIA) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Massachusetts | Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association (MPIUA) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Michigan | Michigan Basic Property Insurance Association (MBPIA) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Minnesota | Minnesota FAIR Plan | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Mississippi | Mississippi Residential Property Insurance Underwriting Association / Mississippi Windstorm Underwriting Association | FAIR Plan (statewide); Coastal wind pool | A residual property plan plus windstorm coverage in designated coastal areas. | Official site |
| Missouri | Missouri FAIR Plan | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| New Jersey | New Jersey Insurance Underwriting Association (NJ FAIR Plan) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| New Mexico | New Mexico Property Insurance Program | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| New York | New York Property Insurance Underwriting Association (NYPIUA) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| North Carolina | NC Joint Underwriting Association (FAIR Plan) / NC Insurance Underwriting Association (Coastal Property Insurance Pool) | FAIR Plan (statewide); Coastal wind pool | A statewide FAIR Plan plus a coastal pool for beach and coastal areas. | Official site |
| Ohio | Ohio FAIR Plan | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Oregon | Oregon FAIR Plan Association | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Pennsylvania | Insurance Placement Facility of Pennsylvania (PA FAIR Plan) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Rhode Island | Rhode Island Joint Reinsurance Association (RIJRA) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| South Carolina | South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association | Coastal wind pool | Wind and hail coverage in designated coastal areas. | Official site |
| Texas | Texas FAIR Plan Association (TFPA) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Texas | Texas Windstorm Insurance Association (TWIA) | Coastal wind pool | Windstorm and hail coverage in designated coastal areas. A separate company from TFPA, although TWIA manages TFPA. | Official site |
| Virginia | Virginia Property Insurance Association (VPIA) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Washington | Washington FAIR Plan | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| West Virginia | West Virginia Essential Property Insurance Association (WV FAIR Plan) | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
| Wisconsin | Wisconsin Insurance Plan | FAIR Plan (statewide) | Basic property coverage for owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. Eligibility and coverage vary. | Official site |
What to know before you use a last-resort program
- Coverage can be narrower. Some plans cover only certain perils or set lower limits. Compare the plan with a standard policy and ask about add-on coverage, such as a difference-in-conditions policy alongside the California FAIR Plan.
- Keep shopping. These programs are meant to be temporary. Improving the property, such as a newer roof or wildfire mitigation, may help you move back to the regular market. See our wildfire mitigation guide.
- Use a licensed agent or broker. Most plans accept applications through licensed producers.
Related: What is a FAIR Plan? · Guía del California FAIR Plan (español) · Car insurance minimums by state
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FAQ
What is a FAIR Plan?
FAIR stands for Fair Access to Insurance Requirements. A FAIR Plan is a pool of insurers, set up under state law, that offers basic property insurance to owners who can't find coverage in the regular market. It's usually meant as a last resort.
Does a FAIR Plan cover as much as a regular homeowners policy?
Often not. Many FAIR Plans offer more limited coverage than a standard homeowners policy. In California, for example, the FAIR Plan mainly covers fire, and many owners add a separate difference-in-conditions policy for other risks.
What is a coastal wind pool?
Some coastal states have separate associations that offer windstorm and hail coverage in designated coastal areas where private coverage is hard to find.
My state isn't listed. What should I do?
Some states have no residual property program, or have one we couldn't confirm. Contact your state insurance department, or talk with an independent broker about surplus lines options.
Can I embed this table?
Yes. It's free to embed with attribution. Use the embed code on this page and keep the credit link.
Questions about home insurance? Contact Alishahi Insurance or call (877) 711-4545.
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Related guides: The Massachusetts FAIR Plan (MPIUA) Explained Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Explained Connecticut FAIR Plan Explained