Short answer: Personal injury protection (PIP) pays your own medical bills and some lost wages after a crash, no matter who caused it. Some states require it, with minimums from $2,500 in Maryland to $50,000 in New York. True no-fault states, such as Florida, Michigan, Minnesota and New York, also limit when you can sue the other driver. A few other states, like Texas and Washington, only require insurers to offer PIP. This table lists each of those states, with a link to the law.
The table
| State | PIP rule | Minimum PIP | No-fault lawsuit limits | Source | Guide |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arkansas | Must be offered; included unless you reject it in writing | See statute for benefit amounts | No | Ark. Code §23-89-202 | Guide |
| Delaware | Required | $15,000 per person / $30,000 per accident | No | 21 Del. C. §2118 | Guide |
| Florida | Required | $10,000 (plus a $5,000 death benefit) | Yes | Fla. Stat. §627.736 | — |
| Hawaii | Required | $10,000 per person | Yes | HRS §431:10C-103.5 | Guide |
| Kansas | Required | $4,500 medical, plus other benefits | Yes | K.S.A. 40-3103 | Guide |
| Kentucky | Required unless you reject the no-fault system in writing | $10,000 per person | Yes, unless you reject it | Kentucky DOI no-fault page | Guide |
| Maryland | Required unless the first named insured waives it in writing | $2,500 | No | Md. Ins. Code §19-505 | Guide |
| Massachusetts | Required | $8,000 | Yes | Mass. DOI PIP guide | — |
| Michigan | Required; you choose the medical level | Unlimited (default), $500,000, $250,000 (with or without exclusions), $50,000 (Medicaid), or opt out if you qualify | Yes | Michigan DIFS: choosing PIP medical coverage | Guide |
| Minnesota | Required | $40,000 ($20,000 medical and $20,000 non-medical) | Yes | Minn. Stat. §65B.44 | Guide |
| New Jersey | Required | $15,000 ($250,000 for certain serious injuries); Standard Policy offers higher limits | Yes (you choose a lawsuit option) | NJDOBI Standard Policy page | — |
| New York | Required | $50,000 | Yes | N.Y. Ins. Law §5102 | Guide |
| North Dakota | Required | $30,000 | Yes | N.D.C.C. ch. 26.1-41 | Guide |
| Oregon | Required | $15,000 medical, plus other benefits | No | ORS 742.524 | Guide |
| Pennsylvania | Required (first-party medical benefits) | $5,000 medical | Yes, if you choose limited tort | 75 Pa.C.S. §1711 | Guide |
| Texas | Must be offered; included unless you reject it in writing | $2,500 | No | Tex. Ins. Code §1952.152 | — |
| Utah | Required | $3,000 medical, plus other benefits | Yes | Utah Code §31A-22-307 | Guide |
| Washington | Must be offered; you can reject it in writing | See statute for benefit amounts | No | RCW 48.22.085 | Guide |
| Washington, D.C. | Must be offered (optional) | See statute for benefit amounts | Only if you choose PIP | D.C. Code §31-2404 | Guide |
For states not listed, we didn't find a law requiring PIP or requiring insurers to offer it. Medical payments (MedPay) coverage is often available, and some states, such as Maine, require it.
How to read it
- Required: every policy must include PIP at least at the minimum.
- Must be offered: the insurer has to offer it, and some states add it to your policy unless you reject it in writing.
- No-fault lawsuit limits: in these states you generally can't sue the other driver for pain and suffering unless your injury passes a set threshold. Some states let you choose.
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- CSV: pip-no-fault-states.csv
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Methodology
Each row was checked against the state's statute or insurance regulator in October 2026. This is general information, not legal advice. See also our uninsured motorist requirements by state table and the state insurance rules hub.
Questions? Contact Alishahi Insurance or call (877) 711-4545.
Frequently asked questions
What is a no-fault state?
A state where your own PIP pays your injury costs no matter who caused the crash, and lawsuits against the other driver are limited unless an injury is serious enough.
Does California require PIP?
No. California isn't on the list. MedPay is optional there.
Can I reject PIP?
In some states, yes. Texas, Arkansas and Washington let you reject it in writing, and Maryland lets the first named insured waive it. In other states listed as Required, you can't.
Alishahi Insurance · 439 N Canon Dr, Penthouse, Beverly Hills, CA 90210 · (877) 711-4545 · CA License #4348151. General information only. This isn't legal, tax or financial advice or a coverage determination. Coverage depends on policy language and underwriting, and rules vary by state.